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Crypto history, in order

The crypto timeline.

From a nine page whitepaper in 2008 to the rebuild of this very site in 2026: every era of crypto, in one scroll. Filter by era or start at the top and read the whole story.

October 31, 2008 · Origins

The whitepaper that started everything

Satoshi Nakamoto posts a nine page paper to a cryptography mailing list. It describes electronic cash that moves directly between people, secured by math instead of institutions. The idea fits in one sitting and launches an industry.

January 3, 2009 · Origins

The Genesis Block

Satoshi mines the first Block, stamping it with a newspaper headline about bank bailouts. The Bitcoin network goes live, running on open code anyone can inspect. A ledger the whole world shares starts with a single Block.

May 22, 2010 · Origins

Pizza Day

Laszlo Hanyecz pays 10,000 bitcoin for two pizzas, the first real world purchase with the new money. What looked like lunch money then reads as legend now. Every year the community celebrates the day bitcoin bought dinner.

2011 · Origins

Mt. Gox becomes the exchange

Mt. Gox grows into the dominant bitcoin exchange, handling most of the world's bitcoin trades at its peak. Early traders finally get a real marketplace with live prices around the clock. The exchange era begins, and the market learns fast what good infrastructure looks like.

2013 · Growth

Bitcoin's breakout year

Bitcoin crosses $100 in April and $1,000 in November, and the mainstream press arrives all at once. Living rooms start talking about digital money. A niche experiment becomes a global conversation.

February 2014 · Growth

Mt. Gox falls, custody lessons land

Mt. Gox halts withdrawals and files for bankruptcy after losing customer funds. The pain teaches the industry lasting lessons: verify reserves, hold your own keys, and trust code over promises. Every modern custody standard traces back to this chapter.

July 30, 2015 · Growth

Ethereum goes live

Vitalik Buterin's programmable blockchain launches. Developers can now publish apps and agreements that run exactly as written. The world computer boots up, and DeFi, NFTs and much more follow in its wake.

2016 · Growth

The DAO and the fork

In June an attacker drains The DAO, an early crowdfunded fund built on Ethereum. In July the community hard forks to return the funds, while Ethereum Classic carries on the original chain. The ecosystem learns to audit code rigorously, and both chains keep building.

August 2017 · Boom

SegWit activates, Bitcoin Cash splits off

After a two year debate over how to scale, SegWit locks in on August 1 and the Lightning Network gains its foundation. Big block supporters launch Bitcoin Cash the same day. Open debate plus broad consensus leaves the network stronger.

2017 · Boom

The ICO boom and Wall Street arrives

Token sales raise billions as new projects fund themselves directly from the public. In December, CBOE and CME launch bitcoin futures, and bitcoin nears $20,000. Wall Street gets its first regulated on ramp to the new asset class.

2018 · Boom

Crypto winter

Prices slide through the year in the long crypto winter. The builders stay: wallets improve, exchanges mature, and serious infrastructure gets built in the quiet. Bear markets have always been crypto's workshop.

Summer 2020 · Boom

DeFi summer

Compound starts rewarding users with COMP tokens, and deposits flood in. Total value locked climbs from about one billion dollars to past ten billion by year end. Finance as open software grows up in a single summer.

2021 · Boom

NFTs go mainstream, El Salvador adopts bitcoin

A Beeple collage sells for $69 million in March, and digital art goes mainstream overnight. In September, El Salvador makes bitcoin legal tender, the first country to do so. Culture and nations both join the story.

May 2022 · Maturation

Terra falls, standards rise

The algorithmic stablecoin TerraUSD loses its dollar peg, and tens of billions of dollars in value disappear within days. The industry answers with a durable new standard: verifiable reserves and clearer rules. Painful chapters make strong foundations.

September 15, 2022 · Maturation

The Ethereum Merge

Ethereum switches from proof of work to proof of stake in one of the smoothest upgrades in software history, cutting its energy use by more than 99%. The Beacon Chain and mainnet join as one, and validators take over from miners. A network carrying billions of dollars of value changes its engine mid flight and every block lands right on time.

November 2022 · Maturation

FTX collapses, self custody wins the argument

The FTX exchange collapses amid revelations of misused customer funds. The lesson lands for good: hold your own keys and verify reserves. Self custody moves from a slogan to the industry default.

January 2024 · Maturation

Spot bitcoin ETFs launch in the US

Regulators approve spot bitcoin ETFs, and trading begins the next day. Bitcoin enters mainstream portfolios through familiar brokerage accounts. A fifteen year journey from mailing list to Wall Street reaches a new milestone.

October 2025 · Maturation

A new all time high

Bitcoin prints a new all time high, capping a landmark bull run. The price chart adds another peak to the story it has told since 2009. Every cycle's high becomes the next cycle's reference point.

2026 · Maturation

The drawdown and the rebuild

A deep drawdown from the 2025 high tests convictions through the first half of the year. Leverage washes out, patient buyers step in, and builders keep shipping. Corrections have always set the stage for the next chapter.

September 2026 · Maturation

Crypt0's News rebuilds

Crypt0's News relaunches as the home for crypto news and crypto history: a daily brief, the full price history chart, plain language guides, the whitepaper library, and the footage archive. The mission stays the same as 2016: decentralizing the world, one story at a time.

Keep exploring

The Bitcoin whitepaperRead the original nine pages in full Halving GuideThe supply schedule behind the cycles Ethereum GuideThe world computer, in plain language GlossaryEvery term on this page, explained
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